![]() ![]() “OP_RETURN” terminates the script in failure when executed.Ī complete list of opcodes can be found on the Bitcoin Wiki Script Page, with an authoritative list in the opcodetype enum of the Bitcoin Core script header file ![]() See the “OP_CHECKMULTISIG” warning below for more details. The process is repeated until all signatures have been checked or not enough public keys remain to produce a successful result.īecause public keys are not checked again if they fail any signature comparison, signatures must be placed in the signature script using the same order as their corresponding public keys were placed in the pubkey script or redeem script. Starting with the subsequent public key, it compares the second signature against each remaining public key until it finds an ECDSA match. “OP_CHECKMULTISIG” compares the first signature against each public key until it finds an ECDSA match. ![]() This value is not used, so signature scripts prefix the list of secp256k1 signatures with a single OP_0 (0x00). The “one extra value” it consumes is the result of an off-by-one error in the Bitcoin Core implementation. “OP_CHECKMULTISIG” consumes the value (n) at the top of the stack, consumes that many of the next stack levels (public keys), consumes the value (m) now at the top of the stack, and consumes that many of the next values (signatures) plus one extra value. “OP_EQUALVERIFY” runs “OP_EQUAL” and then “OP_VERIFY” in sequence. If that item is zero (false) it terminates the script in failure. “OP_VERIFY” consumes the topmost item on the stack. “OP_EQUAL” consumes the top two items on the stack, compares them, and pushes true onto the stack if they are the same, false if not. “OP_HASH160” consumes the topmost item on the stack, computes the RIPEMD160(SHA256()) hash of that item, and pushes that hash onto the stack. “OP_DUP” pushes a copy of the topmost stack item on to the stack. Otherwise, it pushes false onto the stack. “OP_CHECKSIG” consumes a signature and a full public key, and pushes true onto the stack if the transaction data specified by the SIGHASH flag was converted into the signature using the same ECDSA private key that generated the public key. OP_TRUE/ OP_1 (0x51) and OP_2 through OP_16 (0x52–0圆0), which push the values 1 through 16 to the stack. See the link below this list for a description. These aren’t typically shown in examples, but they must be used to push signatures and public keys onto the stack. ![]() Various data pushing opcodes from 0x00 to 0x4e (1–78). You wouldn't want to base64 encode twice, because the single decoding would also result in something invalid.The opcodes used in the pubkey scripts of standard transactions are: There are other ways to construct userdata that will already be base64 encoded, so the behaviour of Terraform aws provider is correct here, it needs to be up to the end user whether or not to apply the encoding. If you are passing plaintext into userdata, suggestion is the right thing to do. I tried decoding mkdir /tmp/test, (the spaces and newlines are skipped by base64 decoding) and it gives Gbf^ This page is useful What happens when you try and run Gbf^ will depend on the platform, but will probably an error like "command not found". When the userdata is executed on the EC2 instance it will be decoded. So while the terraform stack may have planned/applied successfully, the userdata script probably failed. I strongly suspect that your userdata would be decoded into something invalid. It appears to work because your userdata doesn't use any characters outside those used in base64 encoding. I don't think your test case really does succeed, even though you don't see the same error. ![]()
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